Teaching Methods

Michael Gove: To ask the Secretary of State for Children, Schools and Families what proportion of lessons in each school year were set in the latest period for which figures are available.

Jim Knight: Ofsted collects data on the use of streaming and setting in lessons observed during inspections, the latest period for which their data indicate the proportion of lessons in each school year which are set by ability is 2002/03.
	
		
			  Lessons set as observed by Ofsted, 2002/03 
			   Percentage 
			 Year 7 28 
			 Year 8 38 
			 Year 9 43 
			 Key Stage 3 36 
			 Year 10 37 
			 Year 11 40 
			 Key Stage 4 39 
			 Overall Secondary 38 
		
	
	Until 2002/03, Ofsted recorded lessons observed during inspections as being set, streamed, mixed ability or otherwise organised. For clarity, 'setting' is the term used to describe the organisation of pupils in classes on the basis of their prior attainment in the particular subject being taught. The term 'banding', which is very similar to streaming, is used when the decision as to which pupils are included or not in a class is based on the prior attainment in a range of subjects.
	From 2003/04 the distinction between streaming and setting was removed and Ofsted now record data on whether classes they observe are mixed ability or set/streamed. They no longer record data on setting alone. It is therefore not possible to provide data on the proportion of lessons which are set for the period from 2003/04 onwards.

Rented Housing: Private Sector

Sally Keeble: To ask the Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster how many households were living in private rented accommodation during each of the last three years.

Iain Wright: I have been asked to reply.
	Estimates of the number of households in England living in private rented accommodation in each of the last three years are:
	
		
			   Number of households in private rented accommodation  in England 
			 2005 2,385,000 
			 2006 2,488,000 
			 2007 2,595,000 
			  Source: Labour Force Survey 
		
	
	These figures were published by the Department in December 2007 in 'Survey of English Housing Preliminary Results: 2006-07'.

Water Charges: Churches

Nicholas Winterton: To ask the Secretary of State for Business, Enterprise and Regulatory Reform 
	(1)  for what reasons exemptions and reliefs on water charges for churches and charities will be removed in 2010; and if he will make a statement;
	(2)  what assessment he has made of the effect on churches and charities of the removal of exemptions and reliefs on water charges in 2010; and if he will make a statement;
	(3)  what representations he has received on the removal of exemptions and reliefs on water charges for churches and charities in 2010;
	(4)  what discussions he has had with  (a) Ofwat,  (b) the Consumer Council for Water and  (c) other water industry representatives on the removal of exemptions and reliefs on water charges for churches and charities in 2010;
	(5)  if he will review the decision to remove exemptions and reliefs on water charges for churches and charities in 2010.

Phil Woolas: I have been asked to reply.
	In 2000 the Secretary of State issued guidance on matters to be taken into account by Ofwat, the industry's economic regulator, in agreeing companies' charges schemes, including charging non-household users that are not businesses. These include places of worship, community facilities, charities and voluntary bodies. The guidance stated that those making similar demands on a service should be charged on the same basis. It also made clear that where premises impose customer-related costs in line with or lower than those of typical households, they should be able to benefit from tariffs which reflect their small demand on the water system.
	Churches were traditionally zero rated under the rateable value system of charging, meaning that they did not have to pay surface water drainage (SWD) charges. However the replacement of rateable value charges for SWD with a site area based charge means that churches will be required to pay surface water drainage charges and will no longer benefit from the cross subsidy that resulted from the rateable value system.
	Ofwat reviewed companies' approaches to charging for SWD in 2003. In RD35/03, 'Surface water drainage—charging policy' (September 2003), Ofwat concluded that charging according to site area was the best method of charging for SWD. Ofwat recommended that water companies consider introducing site area-based charging for SWD—particularly for non-household customers where the process is simpler to implement. However Ofwat also noted that, given that set up and administration costs of introducing this method were considerable, and would vary depending on customer base, it was for individual companies to decide if the benefits of implementing site area SWD charging outweighed the costs.
	For sewerage customers served by United Utilities the site area based SWD charge was introduced in 2007-08 for new and substantially altered properties. In 2008-09 it is being introduced for all non-household properties, including churches. The move to site area charging will be phased in over three years to reduce the year-on-year impact on those customers who will see an increase in their charges.
	The most cost reflective way of charging non-household customers for SWD is by reference to the customer's site area, because the larger the site area, the more surface water will drain from it. SWD charges based on site area are only payable for areas which drain (directly or indirectly) into public sewers. Chargeable areas will be adjusted to take account of large grassy or gravelled areas, such as church yards or burial grounds that do not drain into a public sewer. Surface area based charging offers strong incentives to customers to reduce surface water drainage costs they impose on companies, for example by installing soakaways. Charges can therefore be mitigated by customers by installing such devices. The approach aligns with the Government's water strategy for fair, affordable and cost reflective water and sewerage charges which incentivise environmentally responsible behaviour.
	Companies are obliged under their licences to ensure that charges are neither unduly preferential or unduly discriminatory between groups of customers. Ofwat therefore considers that churches and other places of worship should be treated no differently to other non-household customers.
	Ofwat has held discussions with the Consumer Council for Water which supports the proposal for all companies to charge surface water drainage by site area.